Over two-thirds of patients hospitalised with Covid-19 do not feel they have fully recovered one year after discharge, a large UK prospective longitudinal study finds.
In the Post-hospitalisation COVID-19 study (PHOSP-COVID), researchers followed 2,320 adult Covid-19 patients who were discharged from hospital between March 2020 and April 2021, assessing patient-reported outcome measures, physical performance, and organ function at five months and one year, with 807 patients completing both assessments.
At one year, 28.9% of patients said they felt fully recovered, showing little change from the findings at five months, where 25.5% of people reported feeling fully recovered.
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The most common ongoing symptoms were fatigue, muscle pain, physically slowing down, poor sleep, and breathlessness, the researchers reported in The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, noting the limited recovery from five months to one year after hospitalisation was ‘striking’.
‘The major risk factors for not feeling fully recovered at one year were female sex, obesity, and receiving mechanical ventilation during the acute illness,’ they wrote.
Researchers also found that several inflammatory mediators were increased in people with the most severe physical, mental health and cognitive impairments compared with individuals with milder ongoing impairments, suggesting these groups might respond to anti-inflammatory strategies.
‘Our study highlights an urgent need for health-care services to support this large and rapidly increasing patient population in whom a substantial burden of symptoms exists, including reduced exercise capacity and large decrements in health-related quality of life one year after hospital discharge,’ the study authors concluded.
Both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions were urgently needed to improve the ongoing burden following hospitalisation for Covid-19, both for individuals and health-care systems.
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‘Without effective treatments, long Covid could become a highly prevalent new long-term condition,’ the researchers wrote.
‘Our findings support the use of a precision-medicine approach with potential treatable traits of systemic inflammation and obesity.’
The mean age of participants who completed both assessments was 58.7 years, around a third were women and 27.8% had received mechanical ventilation, which was higher than typical in UK hospitals.
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Researchers also noted the cohort predated the emergence of the Omicron variant and included patients who would not have been vaccinated before infection, and they called for further research into the effects of current acute care, newer variants and vaccination status before and after contracting Covid-19.
The findings come after research in February found people fully vaccinated against Covid-19 are around half as likely to develop long Covid symptoms as unvaccinated people or those who had only received one vaccine dose.
